Integland practice, cnt. 3

Addition  +

Define addition  + : Z2 → Z  as follows:

x y ∈ Z   x+y  :=  x – Neg(y)

It follows that:

THEOREM 4   ∀x y ∈ Z   x-y  =  x + Neg(y)

PROOF

x + Neg(y)  =  x – Neg(Neg(y))  =  x-y

END of PROOF

Let  x=y  in the above theorem. Then we get:

x ∈Z   x + Neg(x)  =  0

THEOREM 5   ∀x y ∈ Z   x+y = y+x

PROOF

x+y  =  x – Neg(y)  =  x – (0 – y)  =  y – (0 – x)  =  y – Neg(x) =   y+x

END of PROOF

THEOREM 6   ∀x y ∈ Z   Neg(x-y)  =  Neg(x) – Neg(y)

Neg(x-y)  =  y-x  =  y + Neg(x)  =  Neg(x) + y  =  Neg(x) – Neg(y)

END of PROOF
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THEOREM 7   ∀x y ∈ Z   Neg(x+y)  =  Neg(x) + Neg(y)

PROOF

Neg(x+y)   =   Neg(x – Neg(y))

=   Neg(x) – Neg(Neg(y)) =   Neg(x) + Neg(y)

END of PROOF

THEOREM 8   ∀x y z∈ Z   (x-y)-z  =  (x-z)-y  =  x – (y+z)

PROOF

x – (y+z)   =   x – (y – Neg(z))

=   Neg(z) – (y – x)   =   Neg(z) – Neg(x-y)

=  (x-y) + Neg(z)  =   (x-y) – Neg(Neg(z))   =   (x-y)-z

Now the rest is obvious.   END of PROOF

THEOREM 9   ∀x y z ∈ Z   (x+y)+z  =  x+(y+z)

PROOF

    (a+b)+c  =   (a – Neg(b)) – Neg(c)   =   a – ((Neg(b) + Neg(c))

    =   a – Neg(b+c)   =   a + (b + c)

END of PROOF

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